INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A WINDOW TO THE WORLD

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A WINDOW TO THE WORLD

            International Relations deals with legal, diplomatic and economic matters of the countries, in this type of relationship a globalized world approach must be handled; this is why globalization has created great changes in international relations and new challenges for policies and decisions. Since this is a process of economic, cultural, social and technological environment that contributes to the growing communication and relationships between the different countries of the world, unifying their markets, customs and the whole society through a series of policies that give them a global sense, likewise, has made its fortune and has displaced its competitors, such as internationalization or globalization. In addition, international relations should analyze the links between nations as a unit, considering local and global understanding, wars, alliance’s military, diplomatic relations etc.

We are currently seeing greater interconnectivity between countries, places, people, goods, services etc; we are at a time when political, economic and cultural interactions have intensified, where cooperation between countries is constantly under international tention, this has led to the creation of a series of formal international agreements more generally, but nevertheless in spite of the fact that the organisms are increased, as well as the international and transnational collectives, from the UN and its specialized organs to the international and pressure groups, social movements; These have altered the dynamic form of both the State and civil society.

The process of Globalization and the new approaches to international relations have caused the State to become a changing entity both internally and externally increasingly dynamic and with the duty to have greater contact with the rest of the states. This with the intention of being able to propose and participate in the design of public policies worldwide, as well as the creation of systems that govern the new economic, cultural and political reality of the States, with the primary objective of being able to homogenize criteria. The political, economic and social phenomena that we experienced at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have given rise to new forms of international relations that at the same time generate innovative ways of developing international trade at all levels of the Nation-State, imposing relationships diplomatic that in turn go hand in hand with the respect of the fundamental rights of human beings, mainly of the nationals

One of the historical moments that gives way to international relations and the system of cooperation between countries was the end of the Cold War, this is because this framework on the one hand the beginning of globalization, that regional and continental associations they have sought alternatives to intensify cooperation between States and, in addition to this, gave way to a series of ethnic conflicts and humanitarian crises. With the end of this war many thought that a new international order was going to emerge, where there would be continuous and balanced development in a framework of peace and cooperation, but some time later other results were given; as the attack on the twin towers in the city of new york on September 11, 2001 where the idea that security was guaranteed for everyone collapsed.

The international relations can be studied from different approaches or theories, from their implications and the way in which they are studied, understand the participation of the actors and their influence in the international system. Each theory helps to understand the birth of International Relations as an independent disciplinary area within political science. First, we find the realism from which several stages emerge: classical realism, modern realism or neorealism and structural realism. This field refers to "real life", with a weight of positive and negative values. As such, realism highlights issues such as the pain of war, the fragility of peace, the intent of security and threats to survival.

Other approaches that we can highlight are the approach or theory of constructivism which also focuses on the problem of state identities, vested interests and their principles and consequences. Constructed identity acts as the driving force of this concept, although the precise reasons vary. This theory is based on the principles embedded in sociology, social psychology and cultural studies and considers that social identity has a considerable influence on the material world. This constructivism is located next to realism and Marxism as a systemic school. For this theoretical current, there are multiple ways of understanding the anarchy of the international system by the States. Thus, the actors understand international politics as more or less anarchic according to the different areas or domains.

On the other hand we find liberalism that unlike realism highlights the possibility of cooperation and the generation of a context for general progress, which are considered realizable, and where cooperation is present and the progress of the RRII is generated. This liberalism gives way to neoliberalism, which affirms that there is a global community governed by other actors that have greater importance, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international organizations and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), among others.

And finally we have idealism which promotes an open and multilateral diplomacy, regulated by international law and international organizations. Currently, Latin America and the Caribbean, Colombia in particular, will face major international challenges stemming from the uncertain global, regional and internal context of each country. The main challenge of these developing countries to the great changes that are taking place in world geopolitics. The United States and Europe have experienced a slow decline in their economic power and democratic institutions. Meanwhile, the Far East in particular China, Russia, India and Southeast Asia has expanded its influence and power.

Colombia, through its formation as a Nation and State, has lost much of its territory from the moment it was divided from the Gran Colombia, since in its separation none of the conformed countries (Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) was satisfied with their borders and has not had enough coverage in all its territory, so it has neglected its border areas. In turn, the Colombian representatives have ceded part of our territory, even though the International Organizations ultimately determine who does or does not belong to the space in conflict. This problem gave way to certain conflicts that have been controlled by treaties and agreements to which these countries have had to submit.