MAPA CONCEPTUAL GEOPOLÍTICA Y GEOESTRATEGIA EN LA GLOCALIZACION

WORLDWIDE PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The international society is constantly changing, more and more countries are aware that our world is interdependent and globalized, however, at the same time we are in an era in which the crisis and the problems lurk in an impressive way much of our planet, such as terrorism, and organized crime, which transcends the borders of countries, diseases such as AIDS, which destroy human lives and disrupt social and economic life, climate change and environmental degradation , which also affects future generations, without forgetting also the problems that have always been haunting humanity: inequality, poverty and discrimination.

These problems derive mainly from the fact that the development of industrialized societies is projected on the basis of achieving their economic objectives at the expense of the depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution, the demographic problem and the highly unequal distribution of material benefits. and social. All this was given the name of global problems, which were not problems of a state, but of the international system as a whole.

International relations are concerned with studying the reality and international problems of the world, these constitute a very recent phenomenon which begins in the Anglo-Saxon countries between the period of the two world wars. International problems are defined as a certain level in which contradictions, disproportions or functional derangements are generated in the relations between nature and man, between society and man and between men themselves. These problems are the result of the level of development of capitalist society, characterized by an intensification of independence between phenomena. In this sense, the dynamism of economic activity and the use of technological advances and large machinery have as a consequence an over exploitation of natural resources and this in turn generates a growing negative impact on the environment, rapid population growth and also in The world when one country emerges more than the other because of the level of development that it presents, increases inequality in economic growth, and this has negative consequences for urbanization.

It is very important to observe that international problems are one of those that most affect the relations of developing countries, one of the several problems are: human rights, terrorism, violence, organized crime, development, sustainable economic growth , multichannelism, international trade and the environment; It is worth highlighting and contributing that this is one of the most affecting the global agenda Another very important point that we must clarify is that the modern vision towards development not only seeks to raise the levels of welfare of human societies, but that it is concerned with the generation of the future, this in order to maintain a planet with acceptable levels of environmental and economic health.

It is important to point out that from the international scope there is the concept of sustainable development which is defined as development that improves health care, education and social welfare, although development does not necessarily mean economic growth, it is said that growth economic is not only compatible with sustainable development, but it is necessary to alleviate poverty, generate resources for development and prevent environmental degradation, concern for the environment has become increasingly deeper in industrialized countries. There is a set of environmental regulations and the slow introduction of a market mechanism within environmental policy, although its degree of implementation is much lower than in other industrialized countries.

The interaction between the liberation of international trade and the environment runs a double way. On the one hand, the possible effects of the liberalization of international trade on the environment must be analyzed and, on the other, consider the consequences that the imposition of regulations and environmental regulations may have on the dynamics of international trade.

Another element in international relations and international problems is the use and appropriation of technology, this is one of the most dynamic and most consequential processes that occurs in the transformations of the cultural subsystem as the result of the process of globalization in the countries of the periphery, the semiperiphery and the center of the world system, technology has managed to bring human and social interactions, but this technology is not evenly distributed, producing a landscape of inequality in global communications, because while the northern hemisphere The planet enjoys the possibility of communicating thanks to the adequate placement and distribution of the nodes and communication technology networks, and the other part of the planet does not enjoy this type of resource, generating a gap of opportunities to contact with the same speed and efficiency. As a result of this, it has generated a dependence, rather than an interdependence, of the peripheries with these centers privileged by technology, the same dependency that produces inequalities present in world life for some time.

It is very important to clarify that within the global agenda one of the important points to be highlighted are the human rights in which the universal declaration of human rights plays a fundamental role in the protection of the rights of the citizens of the world, however the Principles established in international treaties are often violated by the same governments that have proclaimed them. Many people have continued to be victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes without those responsible for these acts having to be held accountable before justice, what we want to highlight is that in these situations, human beings are violated. human rights and this becomes an obstacle to the proper development of world society.

In conclusion, competing states seek to maximize their power capabilities, since today's world is at a midpoint between hegemony and equilibrium, power relations are not entirely cooperative, or better, where cooperation occurs precisely as a mechanism to promote their individual interests. In other words, the current system is more competitive and selfish than is commonly accepted. Although China and Russia do not have the same willingness to cooperate as the rest of the West does with the United States, when they do, they have interests in mind. Individuals to protect or promote, and do not do so because of a completely multilateralist attitude. China acts by promoting its participation in the underdeveloped world defending other values, which are neither precisely democratic nor based on the defense of human rights, intervention or humanitarian aid, and much less proclaiming the implementation of economic reforms protected by the rules of the IMF In fact, China promotes a new expansionist foreign policy, although while it is revolutionary it is at the same time prudent. Russia remains steeped in the conviction that it must promote its "manifest destiny" after the collapse of Tsarism and the failure of the world socialist revolution. Whether Russia plunges deeper into autocracy, that is, its political system evolves towards a more pluralistic democracy, the fact is that its foreign policy and national security will remain "historical", that is, based on the idea of imperialism, territorial expansionism and the parameters of classical national security, not collective.

Paradoxically, today's world is more stable amidst the chaos or disorder that characterizes international relations. The fact that there is still a balance of powers among the great powers can not contribute to this.